direct top illumination

Adversely and direct top illumination in the summer, at midday when the sun is in zenith. At specific shooting of a shade in such pictures almost are absent, paternal the picture loses. At strictly lateral illumination convex objects turn out as though divided into two parts - light and dark. There is a contrast in the absence of semitones. The bottom illumination in nature does not meet, and at an artificial light source is not applied almost, therefore in detail to stop on it there is no necessity. For reception of technically satisfactory picture, with good study of details in lights and shades and with good revealing of forms of the object, at shooting on location frontverhne-lateral illumination is optimum. It, however, does not mean that it is the most successful and in the art relation. In this sense the greatest effect gives the zadne-verhne-lateral illumination, however similar shootings are hard and demand from the photographer of excellent possession of technics. But if at a daylight there is only one source of illumination - the sun for artificial illumination of such restrictions is not present. Here it is possible to apply two, three and more lamps, combining which on force and light direction it is possible to change character of illumination of object in unlimited limits and to reach the diversified effects. Searches of the best, most effective illumination make the basic and hardly probable not the most interesting creative problem of the amateur photographer. As artificial light sources in a photo various lamps and devices which can be broken on two groups are applied: lamps of constant burning and a lamp of instant action, i.e. giving short-term bright flash. As the first are applied or powerful electrolamps of usual type, or special photolamps of a floodlight. Advantage of usual lamps consists that they burn on the average till 1 000 o'clock, but possess rather small lumen. Besides, their dimensions are rather great. Photolamps are insignificant in the sizes and possess in one and a half-two time большей lumen, than usual, it however is reached considerable overheating threads. These lamps give is dazzling the bright actinic light rich with dark blue and violet beams, but term of their service is very insignificant. Photolamps are issued two capacities: 275 Vt with service life 2 hours and 500 Vt with service life of 6 hours. Therefore to use them it is necessary reasonably and carefully, including only for time necessary for exhibiting, and all preparatory work to shooting (framing, tip-off on sharpness, etc.) to make at the usual lamps, close photos lamps.